HTML:
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.Hypertext means links within and among web documents.It connects one document to another.HTML is based on SGML( Standardized General Markup Language). Nowadays,HTML has evolved into presentation language.HTML standard are developed under the authority of the World Wide Web Consortium(W3C). HTML has been headed by Tim Lee. HTML language is understand by browser. It contains a set of codes that can be incorporated in text to provide linking information. HTML is embedded with TAGS in a web pages. We can create HTML documents using notepad in Windows and Text Edit in (MAC OS). We can also use HTML Text Editors. After finishing of HTML documents, we save it in extension as ".htm" or ".html". Some of HTML Text Editors are Dreamweaver,Front Page,Go Live,etc.
HTML Tags:
HTML Tag normally begin with open angle bracket(<) and end with an closed angle bracket(>). HTML Tag can be of two types:
1. Paired Tag :
2. Single Tag:
1. Paired Tag:
Paired Tag are that type of tag which start with some tag and end with same tag or companion tag. Example: <I> indicates the opening of italic type words and </I> indicates the closing of italic type words.
2. Single Tag:
Single Tag are that type of tag which start with some tag but don't have ending or companion tag.Example:<BR> tag indicates line break and don't require any companion tag.
Some HTML Tag require some additional information known as attribute. For some picture to be upload in web pages,we have to provide height and width of images. Attribute are written following the tag separated by space. The way of creating HTML web page depends in knowledge of working of HTML Tags and attributes where applicable.
HTML Document Structure:
The whole web page is enclosed within <HTML> and </HTML>.Within this tag,we have two distinct section as <HEAD> </HEAD> tag and <BODY></BODY> tag.<HEAD> tag contain information about documents. It contain title of the page,meta tag(used by search engine), java script and style sheet.<BODY> tag contains the actual content of documents.This part is usually displayed in web browser windows. Anything we want to provide to user and a suitable design of web page, all we do inside <BODY> tag.
Example:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>This is title of web page</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
Content of web pages displayed to users
</BODY>
</HTML>
Page element like background color,background images,font color,font size, links,text and more are the attributes of <BODY> tag. Information placed in <HEAD> tag perform its work inside the document and have no relation to browser and user to displayed. However, except <TITLE> tag,all information are hidden from user in <HEAD> tag.
HTML Page Format:
<HTML>
< HEAD>
<TITLE>Programming World Solutions</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>This is heading</H1>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Heading:
Generally heading tag start with <H1> tag as largest heading style up to <H6> tag as smallest heading style.
Example:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Programming World Solutions</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>This is H1 tag</H1>
<H2>This is H2 tag</H2>
<H3>This is H3 tag</H3>
<H4>This is H4 tag</H4>
<H5>This is H5 tag</H5>
<H6>This is H6 tag</H6>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Lists:
Unordered Lists(Bulleted):
An unordered list start with <UL> tag and ends with </UL> tag. Each list item start with <LI> tag. The attribut of <LI> are:
TYPE--->TYPE=FILLROUND will give solid round black bullet.
TYPE=FILLROUND will give solid square black bullet.
Ordered List(Numbering):
An ordered list start with <OL> tag and ends with </OL>
tag. Each list item start with <LI> tag. The attribut of
<LI> are:
TYPE--->TYPE="1" will give counting number (1,2,3,.......)
TYPE="A" will give counting number (A,B,C,.........)
TYPE="a" will give counting number (a,b,c,.............)
TYPE="I" will give counting number (I,II,III,..............)
TYPE="i" will give counting number (i,ii,iii,....................)
START----->Alter the numbering sequence.Can be set to any numeric value.
VALUE---->Change the numbering sequence in the middle of an ordered list.
Defination List:
Defination list values start with <DL> tag and end with </DL> tag. It consist of two parts:
Defination Term---->Appear after the tag <DT>
Defination Description--->Appear after the tag <DD>
Example:
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Programming World Solutions</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<B>Unordered List Example</B>
<UL TYPE=FILLROUND>
<LI>Kathmandu
<LI>Thimpu
<LI>New Delhi
</UL>
<B>Ordered List Example</B>
<OL TYPE="i" START=10>
<LI>Kathmandu
<LI>Thimpu
<LI>New Delhi
</OL>
<B>Defination List Example</B>
<DL>
<DT>Nepal
<DD>Kathmandu
<DT>Bhutan
<DD>Thimpu
<DT>India
<DD>New Delhi
</DL>
</BODY>
</HTML>
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